人民法院民事诉讼风险提示书
为方便人民群众诉讼，帮助当事人避免常见的诉讼风险，减少不必要的损失，根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》、《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》以及最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》等法律和司法解释的规定，现将常见的民事诉讼风险提示如下：
一、起诉不符合条件
当事人起诉不符合法律规定条件的，人民法院不会受理，即使受理也会驳回起诉。
当事人起诉不符合管辖规定的，案件将会被移送到有权管辖的人民法院审理。
二、诉讼请求不适当
当事人提出的诉讼请求应明确、具体、完整，对未提出的诉讼请求人民法院不会审理。
当事人提出的诉讼请求要适当，不要随意扩大诉讼请求范围；无根据的诉讼请求，除得不到人民法院支持外，当事人还要负担相应的诉讼费用。
三、逾期改变诉讼请求
当事人增加、变更诉讼请求或者提出反诉，超过人民法院许可或者指定期限的，可能不被审理。
四、超过诉讼时效
当事人请求人民法院保护民事权利的期间一般为二年（特殊的为一年）。原告向人民法院起诉后，被告提出原告的起诉已超过法律保护期间的，如果原告没有对超过法律保护期间的事实提供证据证明，其诉讼请求不会得到人民法院的支持。
五、授权不明或诉讼代理人不符合法律规定
当事人委托诉讼代理人代为承认、放弃、变更诉讼请求，进行和解，提起反诉或者上诉等事项的，应在授权委托书中特别注明。没有在授权委托书中明确、具体记明特别授权事项的，诉讼代理人就上述特别授权事项发表的意见不具有法律效力。
当事人应按照民事诉讼法第五十八条的规定确定诉讼代理人，人民法院不接受民事诉讼法第五十八条列举以外的人员作为代理人参加诉讼。
六、不按时交纳诉讼费用
当事人起诉或者上诉，不按时预交诉讼费用，或者提出缓交、减交、免交诉讼费用申请未获批准仍不交纳诉讼费用的，人民法院将会裁定按自动撤回起诉、上诉处理。
当事人提出反诉，不按规定预交相应的案件受理费的，人民法院将不会审理。
七、申请保全不符合规定
当事人申请保全，应当按规定交纳保全费用而没有交纳的，人民法院不会对申请保全的财产采取保全措施或责令被申请人作出一定行为或者禁止其作出一定行为。
当事人提出保全申请，未按人民法院要求提供相应财产担保的，人民法院将依法驳回其申请。
申请人申请保全有错误的，将要赔偿被申请人因保全所受到的损失。
申请人在人民法院采取诉前保全措施后三十日内不依法提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的，人民法院依法解除保全。
八、不提供或者不充分提供证据
除法律和司法解释规定不需要提供证据证明外，当事人提出诉讼请求或者反驳对方的诉讼请求，应提供证据证明。不能提供相应的证据或者提供的证据证明不了有关事实的，可能面临不利的裁判后果。
九、超过举证时限提供证据
当事人向人民法院提交的证据，应当在当事人协商一致并经人民法院认可或者人民法院指定的期限内完成。当事人在该期限内提供证据确有困难的，可以向人民法院申请适当延长。当事人逾期提供证据拒不说明理由或者理由不成立的，人民法院可以不予采纳证据，或者采纳该证据但予以训诫、罚款。
十、不提供原始证据
当事人向人民法院提供证据，应当提供原件或者原物，特殊情况下也可以提供经人民法院核对无异的复制件或者复制品。提供的证据不符合上述条件的，可能影响证据的证明力，甚至可能不被采信。
十一、证人不出庭作证
除属于民事诉讼法第七十三条规定的证人确有困难不能出庭的特殊情况外，当事人提供证人证言的，证人应当出庭作证并接受质询。如果证人不出庭作证，可能影响该证人证言的证据效力，甚至不被采信。
十二、不按规定申请审计、评估、鉴定
当事人申请审计、评估、鉴定，未在人民法院指定期限内提出申请或者不预交审计、评估、鉴定费用，或者不提供相关材料，致使争议的事实无法通过审计、评估、鉴定结论予以认定的，可能对申请人产生不利的裁判后果。
十三、不按时出庭或者中途退出法庭
原告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭，或者未经法庭许可中途退出法庭的，人民法院将按自动撤回起诉处理；被告反诉的，人民法院将对反诉的内容缺席审判。
被告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭，或者未经法庭许可中途退出法庭的，人民法院将缺席判决。
十四、不准确提供送达地址
适用简易程序审理的案件，人民法院按照当事人自己提供的送达地址送达诉讼文书时，因当事人提供的己方送达地址不准确，或者送达地址变更未及时告知人民法院，致使人民法院无法送达，造成诉讼文书被退回的，诉讼文书也视为送达。
十五、超过期限申请强制执行
民事案件申请执行期间为2年。
行政裁判文书申请执行的期限为：申请人是公民的，期限为１年；申请人是行政机关、法人或者其他组织的，期限为180日。
期限自生效法律文书确定的履行义务期限届满之日起算。超过上述期限申请的，人民法院不予受理。
十六、无财产或者无足够财产可供执行
被执行人没有财产或者没有足够财产履行生效法律文书确定义务的，人民法院可能对未履行的部分裁定中止执行，申请执行人的财产权益将可能暂时无法实现或者不能完全实现。
十七、不履行生效法律文书确定义务
被执行人未按生效法律文书指定期间履行给付金钱义务的，将要支付迟延履行期间的双倍债务利息。
被执行人未按生效法律文书指定期间履行其他义务的，将要支付迟延履行金。
十八、未及时提出管辖权异议
当事人未在提交答辩状期间内提出管辖异议，并应诉答辩的，视为承认受诉法院的管辖权，在答辩期届满后当事人再提出管辖权异议的，人民法院无义务进行审查。
十九、恶意诉讼
当事人之间恶意串通，企图通过诉讼、调解等方式侵害他人合法权益或者逃避履行法律文书确定的义务的，人民法院可根据情节轻重予以罚款、拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Risk Indication Letter of the People’s Court in Civil Procedures
To facilitate the litigation filed by the masses, help the parties avoid common litigation risks and reduce unnecessary losses, in accordance with laws and judicial interpretations such as the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China and Some Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Evidence in Civil Procedures, the common risks in civil procedures are hereby indicated as follows:
I. The litigation doesn’t meet the conditions
Where the party concerned files a litigation not in conformity with the conditions specified by the law, the people’s court will not entertain, or such litigation will be dismissed despite of the entertainment.
Where the party concerned files a litigation not in conformity with the jurisdiction provisions, the case will be referred to the people's court that has jurisdiction over the case.
II. The claims are inappropriate
The claims filed by the party concerned shall be clear, specific and complete, and the people’s court will not try the unfiled claims.
The claims filed by the party concerned shall be appropriate, and the scope of claims shall not be extended at will. Any groundless claims will not be supported by the people’s court, furthermore, such party shall assume the relevant litigation costs.
III. The modification of claims is overdue
Where the party concerned increases or modifies the claims or files a counterclaim which is beyond the time limit approved or specified by the people’s court, such case may not be tried.
IV. The limitation of action is overdue
In general, the period for the party concerned to apply to the people’s court for the protection for civil rights is 2 years (1 year under special circumstances). After the plaintiff files a lawsuit with the people’s court, in case the defendant proposes that the lawsuit of the plaintiff has been beyond the law protection period, the claims will not be supported by the people’s court if the plaintiff fails to provide any evidence in support of the fact that law protection period is overdue.
V. The authorization is unclear or the attorney doesn’t confirm to legal requirement
Where the attorney is entrusted by the party concerned to admit, waive or modify the claims, pursue a compromise, file a counterclaim or an appeal on behalf of the principal, such entrustment shall be specified in the Power of Attorney. In case the Power of Attorney does not specify the matters specially entrusted, the opinions of the attorney on the above-mentioned matters specially entrusted will have no legal effect.
The party concerned shall designate the attorney in accordance with the provisions in Article 58 of the Civil Procedure Law, the personnel excluded from those listed in Article 58 of the Civil Procedure Law will not be accepted as the attorney to participate in the lawsuit by the people’s court.
VI. Any failure to pay litigation costs on time
Where the party concerned who files a litigation or an appeal fails to prepay the litigation costs or apply for deferment or reduction of the payment or for its exemption but fails to obtain approval and still doesn’t pay the litigation costs, an order of automatic withdrawal of a litigation or appeal shall be made by the people's court.
Where the party concerned files a counterclaim and fails to prepay the relevant court acceptance fee in accordance with relevant provisions, the people’s court will not try such case.
VII. The application for preservation doesn’t meet the requirements
Where the party concerned applies for preservation and shall pay the preservation fee in accordance with relevant provisions but fails to do so, the people’s court will not take preservation measures against the property applied for preservation or enjoin the respondent to take certain actions or prohibit such respondent from certain actions.
Where the party concerned applies for preservation but fails to provide appropriate property security as required by the people’s court, such application shall be rejected by the people’s court in accordance with the law.
Where an application for preservation by the applicant is wrongfully made, the applicant shall compensate the respondent for any loss incurred from such preservation.
Where the applicant fails to bring an action or apply for arbitration within 30 days after the people's court has adopted the preservation measures before litigation, the people's court shall cancel such preservation in accordance with the law.
VIII. Any failure to provide or adequately provide evidence
Unless specified by law or judicial interpretation that no furnishing of proof is required, proof shall be furnished when the party concerned files claims or rebut the claims by the other party. In case of any failure to furnish appropriate proof or any failure of the furnished proof to prove the relevant facts, the judgment results may be adverse.
IX． Evidence is provided beyond the time limit of proof
The party concerned shall provide evidence within the period agreed through consultation between both parties and approved or specified by the people’s court. The party concerned that has genuine difficulty in providing evidence with such period may apply to the people’s court for appropriate extension. In case the party concerned provides evidence beyond the time limit and refuses to give the reason or gives untenable reason, such evidence may not be accepted by the people’s court or such evidence may be accepted but a reprimand will be given or a fine will be imposed.
X． Any failure to provide original evidence
Where the party concerned gives evidence to the people’s court, the original document or material evidence shall be submitted, and duplicates or reproductions certified correct by the people’s court may be provided under special circumstances. The evidence provided not in conformity to the above conditions may affect the probative force of evidence or may even not be admitted.
XI. The witness fails to give testimony in court
Except the special circumstances under which it is truly difficult for the witness to appear in court as prescribed in Article 73 of the Civil Procedure Law, where the testimony of witness is provided by the party concerned, such witness shall give testimony in court and answer question. In case the witness fails to give testimony in court, the probative force of the testimony of witness may be affected or even not be accepted.
XII. Any failure to apply for audit, evaluation and identification in accordance with relevant provisions
Where the party concerned who applies for audit, evaluation and identification fails to file the application within the period specified by the people’s court or prepay the expenses concerning audit, evaluation and identification, or fails to provide relevant materials, which results in the failure of recognition of facts in question by the audit, evaluation and identification result, the judgment results may be adverse against the applicant.
XIII. Any failure to appear in court on time or withdrawal during a court session
In case a plaintiff, having been served with a summons, refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, or if he/she withdraws during a court session without the permission of the court, the case may be considered as automatically withdrawn by him/her; in case the defendant files a counterclaim in the mean time, the people’s court will make a judgment by default.
In case a defendant, having been served with a summons, refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, or if he/she withdraws during a court session without the permission of the court, the people's court will make a judgment by default.
XIV. Provide the inaccurate address for service
For civil cases in which summary procedure is followed, when the people’s court serves litigation documents according to the address for service provided by the party concerned, in case of any failure to serve such litigation documents by the people’s court and the return of such litigation documents due to the fact that the address for service of such party proved by himself is inaccurate or the change of address for service is failed to be timely notified, such litigation documents shall be deemed as being served.
XV. Apply for compulsory execution beyond the time limit
The time limit of application for execution of civil case is 2 years.
The time limit of application for execution of administrative verdict writs: Where the applicant is a citizen, the time limit shall be 1 year; Where the applicant is an administrative authority, a legal person or any other organization, the period shall be 180 days.
The time limit shall be calculated from the day when the period of obligation performance specified in the legal document expires. In case of application beyond the said time limit, the people’s court will not accept.
XVI．There is no property or enough property that may be subject to execution
In case the person subject to execution has no property or enough property to fulfill the obligations specified in the effective legal document, the people’s court may make a written order to suspend execution for the unfulfilled part, and the application for property rights and interests of the executor may not be fulfilled for the time being or fully fulfilled.
XVII. Any failure to fulfill the obligations specified in the effective legal document
In case the person subject to execution fails to fulfill his obligations with respect to pecuniary payment within the period specified in any legal document, he/she shall pay double interest on the debt for the belated payment.
In case the person subject to execution fails to fulfill his/her other obligations within the period specified in any legal document, he/she shall pay a charge for the dilatory fulfillment.
XVIII. Any failure to raise the objection to the jurisdiction in a timely manner
Where the party concerned fails to raise the objection to the jurisdiction within the period prescribed for the submission of defense and responds to the action by making his/her defense, he/she shall be deemed as having accepted that such appellate court has jurisdiction over the case. Where the party concerned raises the objection to the jurisdiction after the period prescribed for the submission of defense expires, the people’s court have no obligation to review such objection.
XIX． Malicious prosecution
In case the parties concerned maliciously collude and intend to infringe the legal rights and interests of any other party in such ways as prosecution and conciliation or evade the obligations defined in the legal document, the people's court shall, according to the seriousness of the act, impose a fine on or detain such parties; if the act constitutes a crime, the offenders shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.